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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances and learner-internal elements, were important. Researchers from TS & ZL for instance mentioned their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The test for discourse completion (DCT) is widely used in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance, the DCT is unable to account for the cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or assessment. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a strength. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of the learners speaking. Recent research utilized the DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with various scenarios and asked to select an appropriate response from the options offered. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They aren't always accurate, and they may be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess refusal ability. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and utilized more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal responses in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, 프라그마틱 체험 were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given situation. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other and then coded. The coding process was iterative, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The most important problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question by using several experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors such as relational affordances. They outlined, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native interactants might think they are “foreigners” and believe that they are unintelligent. This is similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their relevance in specific scenarios and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to explore a particular subject. 프라그마틱 체험 makes use of multiple data sources, such as documents, interviews, and observations, to prove its findings. This kind of research is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods. In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to study the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject. It will also help place the case within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency to add their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, which further hampered the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness, understanding understanding of the world. The interviewees were given two scenarios, each involving an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. For example, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do this.